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Knowledge base

Questions & answers

01Working without an employment contract: risks for the employee and the employer
02What must be stated in an employment contract under Kazakhstan law
03Fixed-term employment contracts: permitted duration and conversion to indefinite term
04Probation period in Kazakhstan: how many months the law allows
05Dismissal for failing probation: how to do it correctly
06Working hours per week under the Labour Code of Kazakhstan
07Overtime work: statutory limits and how it is paid
08Pay for work on weekends, public holidays and at night
09Annual leave in Kazakhstan: statutory duration and when it may be taken
10Compensation for unused leave on termination: how it is calculated
11Grounds on which an employer may dismiss an employee
12Redundancy: notice period and severance payments
13Resignation: how much notice the employee must give
14Termination by mutual agreement: payments and pitfalls
15Disciplinary sanctions: time limits and procedure
16Can an employer recover damage from an employee, and how much
17Conciliation commission for labour disputes: is referral mandatory
18Time limits for bringing a labour claim and for reinstatement
19Late payment of wages: the employee's options and statutory interest
20Lawful deductions from wages and the maximum amount
21Can an employer change working conditions without the employee's consent
22Transfer to other work without the employee's consent: when it is lawful
23Can a pregnant employee or a mother of a child under three be dismissed
24Secondary employment: permitted hours and how to document it
25Using a civil-law services contract instead of an employment contract: the risks
26Accident at work: the employer's immediate obligations
27Non-competition agreements with employees: are they enforceable in Kazakhstan
28Proving length of service without a paper employment record book
29Pay for downtime through no fault of the employee
30Penalties for breaching employment legislation in Kazakhstan
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01LLP, JSC or sole trader: choosing the right business form in Kazakhstan
02How to register an LLP in Kazakhstan: documents and timing
03Minimum charter capital of an LLP in 2026
04Model charter or a bespoke one: which to choose when registering an LLP
05Governance of an LLP: general meeting, director, supervisory board
06How to convene and hold a general meeting of LLP participants
07Selling a participation interest in an LLP: pre-emption right and notarisation
08When an LLP must be re-registered and when notification is enough
09Withdrawing from an LLP and receiving the value of your interest
10Can a participant be expelled from an LLP through the courts
11Major transactions and interested-party transactions: when approval is required
12Liability of an LLP director: damages and subsidiary liability
13JSC versus LLP: key differences and when a joint-stock company is needed
14When dividends cannot be paid to LLP participants
15Branch or representative office: the difference and how to open one
16How to close an LLP in Kazakhstan: stages, timing and the tax audit
17The company cannot pay its debts: bankruptcy or rehabilitation
18Reorganisation of a company: merger, accession, division, spin-off, transformation
19Are shareholders' agreements between LLP participants enforceable
20Appointing an LLP director and signing the employment contract
21Does an LLP in Kazakhstan need a company seal
22Registered address of a company: requirements and the risk of a nominal address
23Choosing a tax regime for a business from 2026
24When VAT registration becomes mandatory: threshold and rate
25Protecting a minority participant in a corporate conflict
26Which court hears corporate disputes
27Which company documents must be kept and for how long
28Affiliated parties and transfer pricing: why they matter
29Who is required to have their financial statements audited
30How to register a trade mark in Kazakhstan
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01Which laws govern retail trade in Kazakhstan
02What a shop must display: signage, price tags and product information
03Which language price tags and product labelling must be in
04Trade mark-up on socially significant food products: the 15 per cent cap
05Penalty for exceeding the trade mark-up on food products
06Can local authorities set maximum retail prices for food
07Mandatory product labelling in Kazakhstan: who is affected and by when
08Penalties for selling goods without mandatory labelling
09Accompanying notes for goods (SNT): when they must be issued in 2026
10New cash receipt requirements from 2026
11Is a card payment terminal mandatory for a shop
12When a shop must register for VAT: threshold and the 16 per cent rate
13The retail tax has been abolished: which regime a shop should choose from 2026
14Which documents are required for food products at the point of sale
15What to do with expired goods: returning them to the supplier and disposal
16Returning goods within 14 days: the rules and the exceptions
17Buyer's rights where the goods are defective
18Consumer complaints: must a shop respond, and within what period
19Rules for running an online shop in Kazakhstan
20Loyalty cards and customers' personal data: what the law requires
21Licence for retail sale of alcohol: requirements and restrictions
22Rules for selling tobacco products: prohibitions and penalties
23Can vapes be sold in Kazakhstan
24Extended producer responsibility: who pays the packaging levy
25Sanitary requirements for a grocery shop
26How a shop inspection is conducted and how to prepare
27Supply contracts with retail chains: what must be agreed
28Price fixing and cartels: competition risks in trade
29Discounts and promotions: when advertising becomes misleading
30Who is liable for a defective product: the shop or the manufacturer
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01Carrier or freight forwarder: who is liable for the cargo
02Which documents evidence carriage of goods: the consignment note and the CMR
03Who pays for lost or damaged cargo, and how much
04Limitation period for claims against a carrier
05Must a claim be submitted to the carrier before going to court
06What is needed to carry goods by road: notification, admission card, permits
07Drivers' working and rest time and tachographs: what the law requires
08Overloading and oversized vehicles: who is liable and how to avoid a fine
09Which insurance is mandatory for a carrier and is the cargo covered
10Delay in delivery: the carrier's liability
11Force majeure in carriage: when the carrier is not liable for the cargo
12Recovering demurrage: the report, the standards and the calculation
13Can a carrier retain the cargo for non-payment
14Carriage of dangerous goods: ADR, vehicle approval and requirements
15Cabotage: can a foreign carrier move goods within Kazakhstan
16Permits for international road carriage: when they are needed and how to obtain them
17Rail carriage: the SMGS consignment note, the commercial act and claims
18Air carrier's liability for cargo and claim deadlines
19Multimodal carriage: who is liable to the client
20The consignor declared the wrong weight: who pays the fine
21Zero-rated VAT on international carriage: the conditions
22Taxis and ride-hailing platforms: legal requirements and liability
23Who is liable for the cargo if a subcontracted carrier performed the carriage
24How to record shortage or damage to cargo on delivery
25Leasing and renting commercial vehicles: what to agree in the contract
26Customs transit and the TIR carnet: the carrier's obligations
27Detention of a vehicle and the impound lot: how to get the vehicle back
28Electronic consignment notes and e-invoices in carriage: are they mandatory
29Incoterms: who bears the risk and pays for carriage
30Claims against a freight forwarder: time limits and procedure
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01How a foreign company can enter the Kazakhstan market: LLP, branch or AIFC
02Can a foreign national own and manage a Kazakhstan company
03How a foreign national obtains an IIN in Kazakhstan
04Which visa is required to do business in Kazakhstan
05Documents a foreign company needs to register an LLP
06Work permits for foreign employees: who needs one and who is exempt
07Taxation of non-residents: corporate income tax withheld at source
08Permanent establishment of a non-resident: when it arises and what it means
09Applying a double tax treaty in Kazakhstan
10Opening a branch of a foreign company in Kazakhstan
11Currency control in Kazakhstan: contract registration numbers and repatriation
12Opening a bank account for a company with foreign participation
13Sectors of the Kazakhstan economy where foreign participation is restricted
14Can a foreign national buy property and land in Kazakhstan
15AIFC registration: what benefits the financial centre offers
16Investment preferences and investment contracts: what the state offers
17Guarantees protecting foreign investment in Kazakhstan
18Repatriating profit from Kazakhstan: dividends, interest and royalties
19Can a foreign national register as a sole trader in Kazakhstan
20Hiring nationals of EAEU member states
21Reporting obligations of a company with foreign participation
22Transfer pricing: which transactions are subject to control
23Can a foreign company take part in public procurement in Kazakhstan
24Cross-border transfer of personal data: what the law requires
25Kazakhstan content requirements: where they apply
26Taxes to withhold when paying a foreign contractor for services
27Kazakhstan e-Residency: what it gives and how to obtain it
28Closing a non-resident's business in Kazakhstan
29Apostille and legalisation: preparing foreign documents for Kazakhstan
30Entering the Kazakhstan market: a step-by-step order of work
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01Who may act as a representative in court: advocate or legal consultant
02Who cannot act as a representative in court
03How to issue a power of attorney for court representation
04Which powers must be stated expressly in a court power of attorney
05A power of attorney issued abroad: apostille, translation, consular certification
06Rights of foreign nationals and foreign companies in the Kazakhstan courts
07Can a foreign lawyer represent a party in a Kazakhstan court
08Which court hears a dispute with a foreign company
09Serving proceedings on a foreign defendant
10Court fees for filing a claim, and available exemptions
11Can legal costs be recovered from the losing party
12Is a pre-action letter of claim mandatory
13How long civil proceedings take at first instance
14Court order procedure: recovering a debt without a full hearing
15Simplified written procedure: when a case is decided without the parties
16Time limits for appealing a judgment: appeal and cassation
17Freezing a defendant's assets before judgment
18Enforcing a foreign court judgment in Kazakhstan
19Enforcing an international arbitral award in Kazakhstan
20How effective is an arbitration clause in a contract with a Kazakhstan company
21How the court establishes the content of foreign law
22Translation of documents and interpreters in court proceedings
23Limitation periods: the general three-year rule and its exceptions
24Challenging a decision or act of a state body
25Who may act as defence counsel in criminal proceedings
26Filing a claim and attending a hearing online
27Settlement agreements and mediation: ending a dispute by agreement
28Court-appointed expert examinations: how they are ordered and challenged
29Enforcing a judgment: enforcement proceedings and debt recovery
30Challenging a judge: grounds and procedure
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01How to obtain a medical practice licence in Kazakhstan
02Accreditation of a medical organisation: is it mandatory and what does it give
03Specialist certificate for doctors: how to obtain and maintain it
04Informed consent: when written form is required
05Medical confidentiality: when information may be disclosed without consent
06Patients' rights in Kazakhstan: what can be required of a clinic
07Claiming compensation from a clinic for medical negligence
08Proving medical negligence: expert assessment of the quality of care
09Compulsory social health insurance: who pays contributions and how much
10Guaranteed free medical care and the insurance package: what is covered
11How to register a medicinal product in Kazakhstan
12Registration of medical devices: procedure and risk classes
13Pharmacy and wholesale medicine licences: the requirements
14GMP, GDP and GPP certificates: who needs them and when
15Advertising medicines: what is permitted and what is prohibited
16Maximum prices for medicines: how the pharmacy price is formed
17Selling medicines online with delivery: is it allowed
18Handling narcotic and psychotropic substances in a pharmacy
19Pharmacovigilance obligations of a marketing authorisation holder
20Obtaining authorisation for a clinical trial
21Telemedicine in Kazakhstan: providing lawful online consultations
22Retaining medical records: formats and periods
23Contracts for paid medical services: mandatory terms
24Refusal of treatment: how to document it properly
25Importing medicines into Kazakhstan: authorisations and documents
26Mandatory medical examinations for employees: who and at whose cost
27Medical waste: collection, storage and disposal rules
28Administrative penalties in healthcare and pharmaceuticals
29Is the doctor personally liable if the patient sues the clinic
30Patients' personal data: how a clinic stays compliant
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The answers are provided for general information only, state the default position and do not replace legal advice on a specific matter. Please verify the current wording of the law as at the date you rely on it.